Published in 2025
International and regional conventions:
- United Nations Convention Against Corruption (Ratified in 2012)
- African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (ratified in 2007)
- The Eastern and Southern Africa Anti-Money Laundering Group (ESAAMLG), established in 1999
- Commission de l’océan Indien (COI) Procédure de lanceur d’alerte (May 2024)
Legislation:
- 2010 Constitution of Madagascar
- Article 11 affirms that “each person has a right to information, in all its forms”.
- Article 10 affirms the “liberties of expression, communication, press and association”.
Financial Crimes
- Law No.2004-030 on the prevention and repression of corruption
- Chapter V of the law enshrines the protection of “denouncers” and witnesses.
- Law No.2014-005 Against Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime
- Law No. 2018-043 on the fight against money laundering and terrorism financing
Media rights and freedom of expression
Institutions:
- Bureau Indépendant Anti-Corruption (BIANCO)
- Established by Law No.2004-031 in 2004
- Le Haut Conseil de la Bonne Gouvernance
- SAMIFIN (Financial Intelligence Unit)
Programs and Policies:
- National Anti-Corruption Strategy (2015–2025)
- coordinated by BIANCO and HCBG to reduce corruption across sectors.
- Observatory of Public Sector Innovation (Openstat) Madagascar
- Launched in June 2018, Openstat Madagascar is an open data platform designed to demonstrate how governments should make their data publicly accessible. Considering the lack of access to information laws in Madagascar, all data on the platform is published under Creative Commons licenses and serves as a key resource for open data advocacy efforts.
- BIANCO’s Public Integrity Campaigns
- Anti-corruption awareness campaigns and civic education programs, such as “Miara-miady amin’ny Kolikoly” to raise awareness on corruption.
Law proposals:
Since 2018, the Malagasy civil society parliament has been working on implementing a whistleblower protection law, with the original draft being amended several times by state institution drafters until the concept of a “whistleblower” was ultimately removed. This led civil society to veto the proposal. As of 2025, Amnesty International and Transparency International Madagascar proposed a new draft to parliament and is now actively negotiating.
